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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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8 U7 _' Z0 E* R" E4 b3 F- v* ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ f2 ~4 L" U4 E4 ^- o6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">2- K, O/ c# P# @: wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 M9 ~8 I5 X' A* B; h; D4 f
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9 M; M0 ?8 ^8 a6 ~) X; xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) `( s. y1 n& h0 f4 L4 b. U
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, Z) w, @' W8 T) tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。( q$ y) P T5 I- e* p. [2 _$ ]. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) C1 f1 G, g* z% M6 F# V& p! t7 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 N7 v( M* }) e9 n- R* Z, z
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# d2 X z' N3 \: I% Q/ f' Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经8 y' {2 g p0 }. U+ P
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1 E; {5 t) [9 a" a- {! E8 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">鲁颂+ J+ V; Q7 a) J4 L6 k k% b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。8 M+ F; f- F# K) w% Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ V/ r( X: s7 p7 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是/ A# h# z3 H( l Q) S# J1 A
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( ~$ D; h! B! d! u7 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。: Y$ A {$ k, I4 f7 m5 E2 d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？- S( O5 }! K5 }8 v. h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，; x3 t% F' |- x+ K# k8 |4 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"; ^ X+ v: d9 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 l) n3 _6 G% k# h3 x9 Z9 {( emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪0 D* [) W+ _% ^7 b" h- ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 E8 i6 r9 h/ {; ^* @9 F: v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。" K3 `1 R# |( k! W+ {, f* Z4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " G. h8 _8 q0 ^0 M* e& D# c" \: B+ Q
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% D" j& g* L3 N/ R+ P0 _. B" LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" b4 g' t3 x7 ^7 m- b* y# T9 {1 r0pt">“( n* y: J4 |/ m( {$ w
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5 G+ A( {2 d5 |, a6 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐3 H2 l1 ~( Y- _! V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ [6 ]/ T% p+ p4 J2 ]" ?9 G! B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种* H; r: o: D tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 w8 b P h( S+ v! f7 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 q! `& I3 C; z. A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的/ J5 o4 ?( }: X- D- K7 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，$ f4 P, L/ c" G [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教0 c$ i( n5 A, S
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* S: |; W7 c4 a @6 F Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教8 H$ G1 M! m- y, Q7 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”& Z& H# m4 F, D0 t6 F7 m; Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ f% F* D# b9 l4 O$ e- {1 K9 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。 W7 Q0 g4 I; b' f7 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌" B7 \1 b+ h* z. W2 I
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1 Z. ~) A% i4 S1 K! [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视. z3 T, K8 h& p/ D& K5 l& mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 A" R7 |$ T0 D7 f3 e, z* V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：5 }$ j$ g [9 |% C+ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 E! _2 k! v3 ^
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& f! @" @# F# o vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。: g& {9 R0 ?! J4 }! u0 [" ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# ]9 ~; n* Y5 i3 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">•( K! L. s, V( C* g6 I. l
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# Y! n" C6 i5 c9 G1 I7 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ w" ]7 V' J1 Y t9 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。" `! H* B1 G7 Q0 I5 t+ B& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( L1 x0 ~* a0 J" i
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1 N0 P1 A% H# ?" x6 ?! U. Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过- R. R% K3 t. E1 C) l; f4 I( D
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# C% t# K/ W' y* `& d% W e8 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。: W" @: j, ]8 I: }# Z+ S" J! a- }4 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 A; i2 |3 U5 T4 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 j. D u* U# Y, J z1 N! d9 A1 C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 e4 T! r& e# zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. ~7 z, x5 L ~: sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。- u# b5 f F$ R: c- r ?9 l8 y
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6 S+ I; d4 T7 M6 Z! f* v" y$ W: w7 b3 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) r# k8 T& j0 d5 c
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9 Y; W% i6 k; d; X, m3 }/ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。% x* G% @/ W" @( A) Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, u; I: A3 _* N- `$ E. s- M* ~( Q5 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' U9 T4 x% S: f/ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 U T( ~$ i& J2 y) K; Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 p' u% b. f: R; W! rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于6 S3 R4 V2 F% q0 g- `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ E( T# N0 T# l2 x& k# k& g% Y6 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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# O- i6 L/ h/ jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观" [ h9 Y+ p; `. V4 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨& [: U8 V9 t: L( h7 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 W9 S9 f& K+ S, f) `) L& }0 c: r/ ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 g8 F! l* Z/ I& R9 V0 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓7 _6 X6 M7 D, _9 X9 |6 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 j1 y: j8 h9 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“: z- x& m0 C D( I; S7 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% }8 ^/ K# e2 Z7 R) k3 r0 r% Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观8 D) e) A7 c& M3 P: f" ^. a2 \' Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">” A* f$ F+ X0 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, W C+ e0 T. n! `& w
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓6 V# t- j$ W" f2 x+ m( ]$ `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓/ j2 H+ k" `3 M- r7 E: d* g/ L
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; O5 b. y9 p9 \! {3 Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨: p; a! N; ?! X% j3 P5 F) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 B" J# }; p: Y. @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, r$ ?- D8 Z0 R3 {+ Q! vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼& ^2 Y2 `) O1 N# O: `; @0 o
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$ W3 g' f" }6 ?" K* ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 e% g' a4 H5 F* k, o' wmso-font-kerning:0pt">.7 ?" {! A; l6 N6 O6 M. f9 t6 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# |2 e9 x. }2 B/ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能! k* J$ L3 B" i2 [! I# Q- {. q
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 r+ z* {" M# O+ e. _+ \
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒3 j: r" S4 `; r$ D: W6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”; Z) C; \1 t2 P, A- M2 p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹( n D$ {9 d6 ^% Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">.4 w- D/ I3 Z1 @# d9 Z% q) E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人$ B; V- x' A) }6 j2 X6 G6 L6 m
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6 W, Y v5 F B! M r/ N: Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ r; h$ J, d/ c3 v* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 F9 b% n) w1 u! z* {+ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ m& M# l, z2 D w
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' U( ^! F5 a( M- w3 L- hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。( m# O- U3 D: o2 X' L9 |# b7 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">* f; s3 M% y* z( h1 x/ U1 x* vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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1 g( {% F# U; @, y2 F2 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。8 h/ o7 e+ g" Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等% j9 z2 ?" O: {. ]0 R
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3 d4 m* G+ ~; r! t9 F/ DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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